An Evolution of Caste (System) and its Impact on Society in the Light of Hindu Teachings. ہندو مت کی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں ذات پات کا ارتقاء اور سماج پر اسکے اثرات کا جائزہ

Abstract

"The Hindu Caste System is one of the world's oldest surviving forms of social organization, dating back to 1000-1500 BC when the Aryans settled in the Indus River valley. This system categorizes Hindus into rigid hierarchical groups based on their Karma (work) and Dharma (religion/duty). The Rigveda, a sacred Hindu text, delineates the four main castes (varnas) in traditional society: Brahmins (priests and teachers), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (traders and cultivators), and Shudras (the lowest class, with a status worse than slaves). There are also outcastes, such as Chandal, considered untouchable. The four main castes comprise over 2000 subcastes (Jatis), leading to a complex social structure. This system significantly influences various aspects of life, including marriage, food, employment, education, mobility, housing, and politics. Social interaction and behavior are limited between people of different social statuses. This paper aims to explore the historical and contemporary manifestations of status and caste-based discrimination, examining the history of racial discourse and its impact on Hindu society.".

Key Words:-Caste discrimination, un-touchables, exploitation, sub-castes, restrictions,